cisco-packet-tracer
Cisco Packet Tracer
Section titled “Cisco Packet Tracer”Cisco Packet tracer es un simulador de redes con dispositivos cisco enfocado en el aprendizaje de la configuración de redes.
Cisco IOS Router - CLI
Section titled “Cisco IOS Router - CLI”MODOS DE ACCESO
Section titled “MODOS DE ACCESO”| Comando | Descripción |
|---|---|
Router>enable |
Entrar a modo privilegiado |
Router#config terminal |
Entrar a modo de configuración global |
Router#show run |
Ver configuración activa |
Router#copy run start / Router#wr |
Guardar cambios |
CONFIGURACIÓN GENERAL
Section titled “CONFIGURACIÓN GENERAL”Nombre de host
Section titled “Nombre de host”Router(config)#hostname myRouterContraseñas
Section titled “Contraseñas”# ConsolaRouter(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#password ciscoRouter(config-line)#login
# Modo privilegiadoRouter(config)#enable password ciscoRouter(config)#enable secret cisco ← cifrada (preferida)
# Telnet (VTY)Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#password ciscoRouter(config-line)#loginRouter(config)#hostname R2Router(config)#ip domain-name cisco.comRouter(config)#crypto key generate rsaRouter(config)#username felipe secret ciscoRouter(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#transport input sshRouter(config-line)#login localRouter(config)#ip ssh time-out 15Router(config)#ip authentication-retries 2INTERFACES
Section titled “INTERFACES”FastEthernet
Section titled “FastEthernet”Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdownSerial DCE (proporciona reloj)
Section titled “Serial DCE (proporciona reloj)”Router(config)#interface Serial 0/0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.5 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate 56000Router(config-if)#no shutdownSerial DTE
Section titled “Serial DTE”Router(config)#interface Serial 0/0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.7 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdownLoopback
Section titled “Loopback”Router(config)#interface loopback 0Router(config-if)#ip address <ip> <mask>Verificar DCE/DTE:
Router#show controllers serial 0/0/0
Configurar servidor DHCP
Section titled “Configurar servidor DHCP”Router(config)#ip dhcp pool POOL1Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.1.10Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.1Router(dhcp-config)#exitRouter(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.49Interfaz como cliente DHCP
Section titled “Interfaz como cliente DHCP”Router(config)#interface f0/0Router(config-if)#ip address dhcpRouter(config-if)#no shutdownDHCP Relay
Section titled “DHCP Relay”Router(config)#interface f0/0Router(config-if)#ip helper-address 192.168.2.1Verificación
Section titled “Verificación”Router#show ip dhcp bindingRouter#show ip dhcp poolRouter#debug ip dhcp server eventsENRUTAMIENTO
Section titled “ENRUTAMIENTO”Rutas estáticas
Section titled “Rutas estáticas”Router(config)#ip route <red_destino> <mask> <next-hop | interfaz_salida>
# Ruta por defecto (quad-zero)Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <next-hop>Router(config)#router ripRouter(config-router)#version 2Router(config-router)#network <red_directamente_conectada>Router(config-router)#no auto-summaryRouter(config-router)#passive-interface FastEthernet 0/0Router(config-router)#default-information originate ← propaga ruta defaultRouter(config-router)#redistribute staticRouter(config)#router eigrp <AS>Router(config-router)#network <red> [wildcard-mask]
# Modificar ancho de bandaRouter(config-if)#bandwidth <kilobits>Router(config)#router ospf <process-id>Router(config-router)#network <red> <wildcard> area <area-id>Router(config-router)#router-id <ip>Router(config-router)#default-information originate
# Modificar costoRouter(config-if)#ip ospf cost 1562
# Prioridad DR/BDRRouter(config-if)#ip ospf priority <0-255>
# IntervalosRouter(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval <segundos>Router(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval <segundos>
# Reiniciar procesoRouter#clear ip ospf processVerificación de rutas
Section titled “Verificación de rutas”Router#show ip routeRouter#show ip protocolsRouter#show ip interface briefRouter#debug ip routingRouter#ping <destino>ACL — Listas de Control de Acceso
Section titled “ACL — Listas de Control de Acceso”ACL Estándar (numerada)
Section titled “ACL Estándar (numerada)”Router(config)#access-list 10 permit 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255Router(config)#no access-list 10
# Aplicar a interfazRouter(config-if)#ip access-group 10 {in | out}
# Restringir acceso VTYRouter(config-line)#access-class 10 inACL Estándar (nombrada)
Section titled “ACL Estándar (nombrada)”Router(config)#ip access-list standard NO_ACCESSRouter(config-std-nacl)#deny host 192.168.11.10Router(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255Router(config-if)#ip access-group NO_ACCESS outACL Extendida
Section titled “ACL Extendida”Router(config)#access-list 103 permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80Router(config)#access-list 103 permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443Router(config)#access-list 104 permit tcp any 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 establishedACL Extendida (nombrada)
Section titled “ACL Extendida (nombrada)”Router(config)#ip access-list extended SURFINGRouter(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80Router(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443ACL Basada en tiempo
Section titled “ACL Basada en tiempo”Router(config)#time-range THREEDAYSRouter(config-time-range)#periodic Monday Wednesday Friday 8:00 to 17:00Router(config)#access-list 101 permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq telnet time-range THREEDAYSACL Reflexiva
Section titled “ACL Reflexiva”Router(config)#ip access-list extended OUTBOUNDFILTERSRouter(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any reflect TCPTRAFFICRouter(config)#ip access-list extended INBOUNDFILTERSRouter(config-ext-nacl)#evaluate TCPTRAFFICRouter(config-if)#ip access-group INBOUNDFILTERS inRouter(config-if)#ip access-group OUTBOUNDFILTERS outPPP (WAN)
Section titled “PPP (WAN)”Router(config-if)#encapsulation pppRouter(config-if)#compress [predictor | stac]Router(config-if)#ppp quality <porcentaje>Router(config-if)#ppp authentication {chap | pap | chap pap}Router(config-if)#ppp multilink
Router#show interfaces serialRouter#debug pppRouter#undebug allFRAME RELAY
Section titled “FRAME RELAY”Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arpRouter(config-if)#frame-relay map ip <ip_destino> <dlci> broadcastRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type [cisco | ansi | q933a]
# Subinterfaz punto a puntoRouter(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.103 point-to-pointRouter(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103
# VerificaciónRouter#show frame-relay mapRouter#show frame-relay lmiRouter#show frame-relay pvc 102RECUPERACIÓN DE CONTRASEÑA (Router)
Section titled “RECUPERACIÓN DE CONTRASEÑA (Router)”1. Detener boot → Ctrl+Break2. rommon> confreg 0x21423. rommon> reset4. Router#enable5. Router#erase startup-config6. Router(config)#config-register 0x21027. Router#reloadCOMANDOS SHOW
Section titled “COMANDOS SHOW”| Comando | Descripción |
|---|---|
show run |
Configuración activa |
show ip route |
Tabla de rutas |
show ip interface brief |
Estado resumido de interfaces |
show ip protocols |
Protocolos de enrutamiento activos |
show ip ospf neighbor |
Vecinos OSPF |
show ip eigrp neighbors |
Vecinos EIGRP |
show ip eigrp topology |
Topología EIGRP |
show ip rip database |
Base de datos RIP |
show ip dhcp binding |
Asignaciones DHCP |
show interfaces serial 0/0/0 |
Estado de interfaz serial |
show controllers serial 0/0/0 |
Info DCE/DTE |
show frame-relay map |
Mapa Frame Relay |